HKSI Institute AR2020

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 財務報表附註 (Expressed in Hong Kong dollars unless otherwise indicated) （除非另有註明，否則均以港幣列示） 82 Hong Kong Securities and Investment Institute Annual Report 2020 2 Significant accounting policies (Continued) (b) Basis of preparation of the financial statements The measurement basis used in the preparation of the financial statements is the historical cost basis. These financial statements presented in Hong Kong dollars (“HK$”), unless otherwise stated. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with HKFRSs requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis of making the judgements about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods. (c) Subsidiaries Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. The Group controls an entity when it is exposed, or has the right to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns by its power over the entity. When assessing whether the Group has power, only substantive rights (held by the Group and other parties) are considered. Investments in subsidiaries are consolidated into the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases. Intra-group balances, transactions and cash flows and any unrealised profits arising from intra-group transactions are eliminated in full in preparing the consolidated financial statements. Unrealised losses resulting from intra-group transactions are eliminated in the same way as unrealised gains but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment. In the Institute’s statement of financial position, an investment in a subsidiary is stated at cost less impairment losses (see note 2(j)), unless the investment is classified as held for sale (or included in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale). 2 主要會計政策 （續） (b) 財務報表的編製基準 編製本財務報表時是以歷史成本作 為計量基準。除非另有註明，否則 本財務報表均以港幣列示。 管理層需在編製符合《香港財務報 告準則》的財務報表時作出會對會 計政策的應用，以及資產、負債、 收入和支出的報告數額構成影響的 判斷、估計和假設。這些估計和相 關假設是根據以往經驗和管理層因 應當時情況認為合理的多項其他因 素作出的，其結果構成了管理層在 無法依循其他途徑即時得知資產與 負債的賬面值時所作出判斷的基 礎。實際結果可能有別於估計數 額。 管理層會不斷審閱各項估計和相關 假設。如果會計估計的修訂只是影 響某一期間，其影響便會在該期間 內確認；如果修訂對當前和未來期 間均有影響，則在作出修訂的期間 和未來期間確認。 (c) 附屬公司 附屬公司是指受本集團控制的實 體。當本集團可以或有權獲得參與 該實體活動產生的可變回報時，並 有能力通過對其實施控制而影響該 等回報時，該實體受本集團控制。 在評估本集團是否擁有上述權力 時，僅考慮（本集團和其他方所持 有的）實質權利。 於附屬公司的投資由控制開始當日 至控制終止當日在綜合財務報表中 合併計算。集團內部往來的結餘、 交易和現金流量，以及集團內部交 易所產生的任何未變現溢利，會在 編製綜合財務報表時全數抵銷。集 團內部交易所引致未變現虧損的抵 銷方法與未變現收益相同，但抵銷 額只限於沒有證據顯示已出現減值 的部分。 本會財務狀況表所示於附屬公司的 投資，是按成本減去減值虧損（參 閱附註 2(j)) 後入賬，但劃歸為持有 待售（或已計入劃歸為持有待售的 處置組合） ) 的投資除外。